Accessibility Issues in Distance Education

Accessibility in Online Learning Management Systems
http://www.uwosh.edu/accessibility/papers
Certain disabilities make using the Web a challenging endeavor. In the fall of 2000, the University of Wisconsin System stated that all their Web pages meet the W3C/WAI Priority 1 Checkpoints. Web pages are easily modified or created to meet these accessibility requirements, but existing learning management systems (lms) such as WebCT and Blackboard are not as simple to adjust. This site discusses the process undertaken by the University of Wisconsin at Oshkosh to make modifications in lms.

Centers for Excellence in Learning and Teaching: E-Learning Resources
http://appl003.lsu.edu/celt/celt.nsf/index

The Centers for Excellence in Learning and Teaching at Louisiana State University is designed to assist their students, faculty and admistrators involved in distance education initiatives. Faculty at other institutions, however, may find useful resources as well. The Faculty section of this site has tips on designing an online course, ways to implement the "Seven Principles", and strategies for teaching online. Annotated links to numerous accessibility sites are also provided.

Courseware Accessibility: The Saga Continues
http://snow.utoronto.ca/access/saga/index.html
Laurie Harrison, Resource Centre for Academic Technology at the University of Toronto, gave this presentation at the Accessing Higher Ground Conference (November 2001). Harrison's 8 page presentation covers topics such as product evolution, courseware accessibility issues, usability, strategies for support and where products like BlackBoard and WebCT are in terms of accessibility right now.

Distance Education and Accommodations for Students with Learning Disabilities: Implications for Postsecondary Service Providers
http://www.resourceroom.net/Sharestrats/02distance_ed.asp
Demand for distance education initiatives has been on the rise, but accessibility have not kept up in some instances. Manju Banerjee, a research and education consultant with Recording for the Blind & Dyslexic (RFB&D), explores this this issue and how students with learning disabilities are affected by this trend. This article originally appeared in the Spring 2002 issue of Perspectives.

FAQs on WebCT Accessibility
http://snow.utoronto.ca/access/courseware/FAQsWebCTVersion3_5.html
Laurie Harrison, Education Coordinator at the Adaptive Technology Resource Center (ATRC) at the University of Toronto, discusses how WebCT improved Version 3.5 to ensure access for students with disabilities. Harrison also looks at how WebCT works for students who are using screen reading software to participate in online courses.

Guidelines for Creating Accessible Multimedia Content
http://www.webaim.org/howto/mmguides.php
These multimedia standards for accessibility have been adapted from WAI's (Web Accessibility Initiative) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines Version 1.0 and WAI's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines Version 2.0 and Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act Guidelines for Web-based intranet and Internet information and applications.

National Center for Accessible Media (NCAM)
http://ncam.wgbh.org
NCAM is an center focused on issues surrounding information technology & media to provide equal access and to make media more accessible for those with disabilities. Their mission is to "expand access to present and future media for people with disabilities; to explore how existing access technologies may benefit other populations; to represent its constituents in industry, policy and legislative circles; and to provide access to educational and media technologies for special needs students". NCAM was founded in 1993 with the assistance of a grant from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting.

Section 508: The Road to Accessibility
http://www.section508.gov
As the result of a 1998 amendment to the Rehabilitation Act, Federal agencies are now required to make electronic and information technology accessible to people with disabilities. Section 508 requires that agencies must give disabled employees and members of the public access to information that is comparable to the access available to others. Links to Section 508 plus other relevant laws and regulations are provided.

SNOW (Special Needs Opportunity Windows)
http://snow.utoronto.ca/index.html
SNOW is a provider of online resources and professional development opportunities for educators and parents of students with special needs. Some of the resources and support initiatives include online workshops, curriculum materials and open discussion forums.

Web Accessibility for Section 508
http://www.jimthatcher.com/webcourse1.htm
Jim Thatcher, retired IBM employee and consultant on electronic & information technology accessibility issues, developed this tutorial on Web accessibility with the focus being on Section 508, for the Information Technology Technical Assistance Training Center. Some of the issues addressed in this tutorial include alternatives to graphics, cascading style sheets, tips for checking Web accessibility and other elements of the Section 508 standards.

More information about the Information Technology Technical Assistance Training Center can be found at http://www.ittatc.org/index.cfm.

Web Accessibility for Students with Disabilities
http://clte.asu.edu/teaching_strategies/technology/web_access.html
Arizona State University's Center for Learning and Teaching Excellence has developed this site that has materials dealing with Web accessibility policies & standards, accessibility in distance education, and advice for Web design & multimedia accessibility.

Other distance education resources compiled by the Center can be found at http://clte.asu.edu/teaching_strategies/technology/distance_learning.html.

W3C Web Accessibility Initiative Resources
http://www.w3.org/WAI/Resources
W3C, the World Wide Web Consortium, is committed to promoting a "high degree" of Web usability for people with disabilities. This group pursues it access initiatives and focuses their work in areas such as technology, guidelines, tools, education & outreach and research & development. This site includes quick tips, guidelines, training materials, repair tools, FAQs and more.

More on W3C:

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) announced on December 17, 2002 User Agent Guidelines 1.0 (UAAG 1.0) as a W3C Recommendation. Links to information about this announcement can be found at:

Why People Can't Use eLearning http://infocentre.frontend.com/downloads/Why_people_can't_use_eLearning.pdf
E-learning providers will lose billions in lost revenues due to inaccessible interface design. Frontend, a provider of innovative, user-friendly interface solutions that are user-focused, prepared this May 2001 article to provide the following:

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Created by Sharon Stoerger MLS, MBA
©November 10, 2002
Updated February 20, 2003